» Từ khóa: molecular biology

Chapter 3 introduce to Gene function. This chapter outlines the three activities of genes and provides some background information that will be useful in our deeper explorations in subsequent chapters. This chapter presents the following content: Storing information, replication, mutations.

 44 p ntt 20/04/2016 270 1 Download

Từ khóa: Molecular biology, Bài giảng Sinh học phân tử, Sinh học phân tử, Gene function, Amino acids, Storing information

Chapter 4 review the fundamentals of gene structure and function, we are ready to start a more detailed study of molecular biology. The main focus of chapter will be the experiments that molecular biologists have performed to elucidate the structure and function of genes.

 67 p ntt 20/04/2016 312 1 Download

Từ khóa: Molecular biology, Bài giảng Sinh học phân tử, Sinh học phân tử, Molecular cloning methods, Gene cloning, Directional cloning

Chapter 5 - Molecular tools for studying genes and gene activity. This chapter describe the most popular techniques that molecular biologists use to investigate the structure and function of genes. Most of these start with cloned genes. Many use gel electrophoresis. Many also use labeled tracers, and many rely on nucleic acid hybridization. We have already examined gene cloning techniques.

 82 p ntt 20/04/2016 270 1 Download

Từ khóa: Molecular biology, Bài giảng Sinh học phân tử, Sinh học phân tử, Molecular tools, Studying genes, Gene activity

In chapter 7 we will explore one strategy bacteria employ to control the expression of their genes: by grouping functionally related genes together so they can be regulated together easily. Such a group of contiguous, coordinately controlled genes is called an operon.

 49 p ntt 20/04/2016 311 1 Download

Từ khóa: Molecular biology, Lecture Molecular biology, Sinh học phân tử, Bài giảng Sinh học phân tử, Lac operon, Bacterial transcription

Chapter 9: DNA-protein interactions in bacteria. The main contents of this chapter include all of the following: The λ family of repressors, the trp repressor, general considerations on Protein–DNA interactions, DNA-binding proteins: action at a distance,...and other contents.

 21 p ntt 20/04/2016 291 1 Download

Từ khóa: Molecular biology, Lecture Molecular biology, Sinh học phân tử, Bài giảng Sinh học phân tử, Amino acids, DNA-protein interactions

The main contents of this chapter include all of the following: Categories of activators, structures of the DNA-Binding motifs of activators, independence of the domains of activators, functions of activators, interaction among activators, regulation of transcription factors.

 53 p ntt 20/04/2016 320 1 Download

Từ khóa: Molecular biology, Lecture Molecular biology, Sinh học phân tử, Bài giảng Sinh học phân tử, Transcription activators in eukaryotes, RNA polymerase II

In chapter 6 we learned that bacteria have only one RNA polymerase, which makes all three of the familiar RNA types: mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA. In this chapter we will see that three distinct RNA polymerases occur in the nuclei of eukaryotic cells. Each of these is responsible for transcribing a separate set of genes, and each recognizes a different kind of promoter.

 31 p ntt 20/04/2016 311 1 Download

Từ khóa: Molecular biology, Lecture Molecular biology, Sinh học phân tử, Bài giảng Sinh học phân tử, Eukaryotic RNA polymerases, RNA polymerases

Chapter 8 - Major shifts in bacterial transcription. In this chapter, students will be able to understand: Sigma factor switching, the RNA polymerase encoded in phage T7, infection of E. coli by phage λ,...and another contents.

 40 p ntt 20/04/2016 302 1 Download

Từ khóa: Molecular biology, Lecture Molecular biology, Sinh học phân tử, Bài giảng Sinh học phân tử, Bacterial transcription, Sigma factor switching

Chapter 11 - general transcription factors in eukaryotes. Eukaryotic RNA polymerases, unlike their bacterial counterparts, are incapable of binding by themselves to their respective promoters. Instead, they rely on proteins called transcription factors to show them the way. Such factors are grouped into two classes: general transcription factors and gene-specifi c transcription factors (activators). In this chapter we will survey the general...

 38 p ntt 20/04/2016 315 1 Download

Từ khóa: Molecular biology, Lecture Molecular biology, Sinh học phân tử, Bài giảng Sinh học phân tử, Amino acids, Eukaryotic RNA polymerases

Chapter 13 - Chromatin structure and its effects on transcription. In this chapter, we will look at the crucial relationship among activators, chromatin structure, and gene activity. This chapter presents the following content: Histones, nucleosomes, chromatin structure and gene activity.

 40 p ntt 20/04/2016 301 1 Download

Từ khóa: Molecular biology, Lecture Molecular biology, Sinh học phân tử, Bài giảng Sinh học phân tử, Chromatin structure, Nucleosome structure

In chapter 14, we will see that most eukaryotic genes, in contrast to typical bacterial genes, are interrupted by noncoding DNA. RNA polymerase cannot distinguish the coding region of the gene from the noncoding regions, so it transcribes everything.

 47 p ntt 20/04/2016 280 1 Download

Từ khóa: Molecular biology, Lecture Molecular biology, Sinh học phân tử, Bài giảng Sinh học phân tử, Messenger RNA processing I, Genes in pieces

Chapter 15 - RNA Processing II: Capping and Polyadenylation. Besides splicing, eukaryotic cells perform several other kinds of processing on their RNAs. Messenger RNAs are subject to two kinds of processing, known as capping and polyadenylation. In capping, a special blocking nucleotide (a cap) is added to the 59-end of a pre-mRNA. In polyadenylation, a string of AMPs (poly[A]) is added to the 39-end of the pre-mRNA. These steps are essential...

 31 p ntt 20/04/2016 296 1 Download

Từ khóa: Molecular biology, Lecture Molecular biology, Sinh học phân tử, Bài giảng Sinh học phân tử, RNA Processing II, Cap structure